problem

Experience with Beatus maps and other cave maps led to the definition of a scheme which tells in which succession the ink drawing has to be made. This scheme prevents that, for example, a gradient arrow has no more space between boulders, or that the symbol for fracture collides with a profile.

More and more cave mappers refrain from using the "old-fashioned" ink pencils and use the computer instead. However, it might be useful tu publish the scheme here; maybe it can even be used by computer drawers.

"rapidograph" of Rotring

The following scheme is made with the assumption that three ink pencils are used: 0.4 (instead of the originally preconised 0.5 which is almost too thick for a map 1:500), 0.25 and 0.18 (nummers indicate line thickness in mm). If only two pencils are used, 0.25 and 0.18 can be combined.

0.4

• Outlines within the rock
• Outlines within sediment (0.25!)
• natural bridges and arches

0.25

• Steps, shafts
• walls (for tourist caves)
• electric installations (for tourist caves)
• in the longitudinal section: stairs
• in the plan: ladders
• gradient arrows
• water arrows
• wind arrows

0.18

• gradient lines
• in the longitudinal section: lakes and waterfalls
• then: drawing of the cave fill and -shape, i.e. the "drawing" in the larger
• sense without the things mentioned beforehand and afterwards
• Sinter
• in the plan: lakes
• wall sinter, coupolas, scallops etc.
• in the plan: stairs (for tourist caves)
• snow and ice on walls

0.25 (u.U. teilweise 0.4)

• continuation of the cave outside the sheet (if there are several map sheets)
• fractures, bedding planes
• profile traces
• in the longitudinal section: traces to denote a departing passage
• corrections
• if present: passages departing from the main passage (means repetition of the scheme)
• arrows to indicate connections between separates passages (fif desired)
• in the longitudinal section: profiles